California (PA) (3-19, 0-13 PSAC) -VS- Indiana (PA) (18-8, 8-4 PSAC)

Box Score

California (PA) logo
0
vs
Indiana (PA) logo
3

California (PA) (3-19, 0-13 PSAC)
-VS-
Indiana (PA) (18-8, 8-4 PSAC)

Team Score By Period
Team 1 2 3
California (PA) CAL 12 11 14
Winner Indiana (PA) IUP 25 25 25
Date:
11/9/2024
Time:
6:36 PM
Site:
Indiana, PA (Kovalchick Conventio)
Attendance:
200
VIEW
Match History vs Indiana (PA)

Match Details

Game Statistics By Set
Set California (PA) Indiana (PA)
K E TA % K E TA %
Set #1 5 4 32 .031 18 1 32 .531
Set #2 3 7 29 -.138 14 3 26 .423
Set #3 5 6 31 -.032 18 3 34 .441
Total 13 17 92 -.043 50 7 92 .467
Team Statistical Comparison
Statistic Team Comparison
CAL - IUP
Points
15.0
64.0
Kills
13
50
Aces
0
7
Blocks
2
7
Assists
13
47
Digs
29
50

Game Leaders

CAL - Leaders
Statistic Leaders
Kills Rugiero, Elisa (3), Smith, Courtney (3), Droneberger, Allie (3)
Aces
Blocks Rugiero, Elisa (1), Beer, Natalie (1), Stephenson, Sarah (1)
Assists Favata, Adrianna (5), Altsman, Mandy (3), Mercer, Caroline (3)
Digs Meek, Kasie (7), Favata, Adrianna (5), Mercer, Caroline (5)
IUP - Leaders
Statistic Leaders
Kills Birch, Nyla (8), Valentic, Lauren (7), Concannon, Delaney (6)
Aces Concannon, Delaney (2), Neiman, Jessica (2), Memisoglu, Simay (1)
Blocks Brown, Rylee (5), Heidel, Olivia (2), Concannon, Delaney (2)
Assists Heidel, Olivia (28), Rauch, Ellie (14), Flowerdew, Bailey (3)
Digs Flowerdew, Bailey (15), Memisoglu, Simay (6), Neiman, Jessica (4)

Individual Statistics

California (PA) (3-19, 0-13 PSAC)

CAL - Individual
# Player SP Attack Set Serve Block Def Rec
K E TA Pct A E SA SE SA-SE BS BA BE DIG BHE RE Pts
3 3 Lindenfelser, Kay 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0.0
13 13 Favata, Adrianna 3 1 0 1 1.000 5 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1.0
14 14 Rugiero, Elisa 3 3 1 9 .222 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3.5
16 16 Johnson, Sophia 3 1 1 4 .000 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0
17 17 Beer, Natalie 3 1 1 7 .000 2 0 0 0 0-0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1.5
19 19 Mercer, Caroline 3 0 0 1 .000 3 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0.0
21 21 Smith, Courtney 3 3 3 18 .000 0 1 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 2 0 1 3.0
24 24 Droneberger, Allie 3 3 1 20 .100 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3.0
6 6 Johnson, Morgan 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.0
7 7 Petricevic, Anna-Marie 2 1 5 15 -.267 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 3 0 1 1.0
10 10 Altsman, Mandy 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.0
12 12 Patina, Elizabeth 2 0 1 2 -.500 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
18 18 Stephenson, Sarah 2 0 3 9 -.333 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.5
23 23 Meek, Kasie 2 0 1 6 -.167 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0.0
20 20 Muck, Lexi 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.5
TM TM TEAM 0 0 -
Totals 13 17 92 -.043 13 1 0 0 0-0 0 4 0 29 0 7 15
CAL - Individual
# Player SP Block Def Rec Pts
BS BA BE DIG BHE RE
3 3 Lindenfelser, Kay 3 0 0 0 1 0 3 0.0
13 13 Favata, Adrianna 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 1.0
14 14 Rugiero, Elisa 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 3.5
16 16 Johnson, Sophia 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0
17 17 Beer, Natalie 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 1.5
19 19 Mercer, Caroline 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 0.0
21 21 Smith, Courtney 3 0 0 0 2 0 1 3.0
24 24 Droneberger, Allie 3 0 0 0 1 0 2 3.0
6 6 Johnson, Morgan 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.0
7 7 Petricevic, Anna-Marie 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 1.0
10 10 Altsman, Mandy 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.0
12 12 Patina, Elizabeth 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
18 18 Stephenson, Sarah 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.5
23 23 Meek, Kasie 2 0 0 0 7 0 0 0.0
20 20 Muck, Lexi 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.5
TM TM TEAM 0
Totals 0 4 0 29 0 7 15

Indiana (PA) (18-8, 8-4 PSAC)

IUP - Individual
# Player SP Attack Set Serve Block Def Rec
K E TA Pct A E SA SE SA-SE BS BA BE DIG BHE RE Pts
1 1 Heidel, Olivia 3 1 0 4 .250 28 1 0 0 0-0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2.0
3 3 Concannon, Delaney 3 6 0 11 .545 0 0 2 3 2-3 0 2 0 3 0 0 9.0
4 4 Warpinski, Kat 3 0 0 1 .000 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.0
7 7 Valentic, Lauren 3 7 0 9 .778 0 0 0 1 0-1 0 2 0 1 0 0 8.0
8 8 Birch, Nyla 3 8 1 11 .636 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0
14 14 Memisoglu, Simay 3 6 1 10 .500 0 1 1 2 1-2 0 0 0 6 0 0 7.0
15 15 Edwards, Karli 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.0
20 20 Fandel, Sara 3 5 0 8 .625 0 0 1 0 1-0 0 1 0 4 0 0 6.5
21 21 Flowerdew, Bailey 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0-2 0 0 0 15 0 0 0.0
22 22 Brown, Rylee 3 4 3 9 .111 0 0 0 0 0-0 1 4 0 0 1 0 7.0
2 2 Potvin, Charlotte 2 1 1 5 .000 0 1 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.0
9 9 Dunn, Faith 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.0
12 12 Kessler, Brooke 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0-1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.0
16 16 Kim, Mikalah 2 1 0 1 1.000 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0
17 17 Rauch, Ellie 2 1 0 2 .500 14 0 1 2 1-2 0 0 0 3 0 0 2.0
18 18 Neiman, Jessica 2 5 1 10 .400 1 0 2 0 2-0 0 0 0 4 0 0 7.0
24 24 Torres, Audrey 2 1 0 3 .333 0 0 0 1 0-1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1.5
6 6 Schmidt, Kyra 1 4 0 8 .500 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.0
TM TM TEAM 0 0 -
Totals 50 7 92 .467 47 3 7 13 7-13 1 12 0 50 1 0 64
IUP - Individual
# Player SP Block Def Rec Pts
BS BA BE DIG BHE RE
1 1 Heidel, Olivia 3 0 2 0 2 0 0 2.0
3 3 Concannon, Delaney 3 0 2 0 3 0 0 9.0
4 4 Warpinski, Kat 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.0
7 7 Valentic, Lauren 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 8.0
8 8 Birch, Nyla 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0
14 14 Memisoglu, Simay 3 0 0 0 6 0 0 7.0
15 15 Edwards, Karli 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.0
20 20 Fandel, Sara 3 0 1 0 4 0 0 6.5
21 21 Flowerdew, Bailey 3 0 0 0 15 0 0 0.0
22 22 Brown, Rylee 3 1 4 0 0 1 0 7.0
2 2 Potvin, Charlotte 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.0
9 9 Dunn, Faith 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.0
12 12 Kessler, Brooke 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.0
16 16 Kim, Mikalah 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0
17 17 Rauch, Ellie 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 2.0
18 18 Neiman, Jessica 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 7.0
24 24 Torres, Audrey 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 1.5
6 6 Schmidt, Kyra 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4.0
TM TM TEAM 0
Totals 1 12 0 50 1 0 64

Play By Play

Set #1 Plays

Set #1 Plays
Serve Team CAL - Play Description Visiting Team Score Scoring Team Logo Home Team Score IUP - Play Description
CAL 0 California (PA) 1 [Adrianna Favata] Kill by Valentic, Lauren (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 0 California (PA) 2 [Valentic, Lauren] Attack error by Anna-MariePetricevic.
IUP [Valentic, Lauren] Bad set by Heidel, Olivia. 1 Indiana (PA) 2
-- CAL subs: Kay Lindenfelser.
-- IUP subs: Neiman, Jessica.
CAL 1 California (PA) 3 [Kay Lindenfelser] Kill by Brown, Rylee (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- IUP subs: Neiman, Jessica.
IUP [Heidel, Olivia] Attack error by Brown, Rylee. 2 Indiana (PA) 3
CAL 2 California (PA) 4 [Natalie Beer] Kill by Neiman, Jessica (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 2 California (PA) 5 [Concannon, Delaney] Kill by Memisoglu, Simay (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 2 California (PA) 6 [Concannon, Delaney] Service ace (Kay Lindenfelser).
IUP 2 California (PA) 7 [Concannon, Delaney] Kill by Neiman, Jessica (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 2 California (PA) 8 [Concannon, Delaney] Bad set by Courtney Smith.
IUP 2 California (PA) 9 [Concannon, Delaney] Kill by Memisoglu, Simay (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP [Concannon, Delaney] Service error. 3 Indiana (PA) 9
-- IUP subs: Edwards, Karli.
-- CAL subs: Morgan Johnson.
CAL 3 California (PA) 10 [Morgan Johnson] Kill by Neiman, Jessica (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 3 California (PA) 11 [Flowerdew, Bailey] Kill by Valentic, Lauren (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP [Flowerdew, Bailey] Service error. 4 Indiana (PA) 11
CAL 4 California (PA) 12 [Allie Droneberger] Kill by Valentic, Lauren (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 4 California (PA) 13 [Neiman, Jessica] Attack error by Anna-MariePetricevic (block by Valentic, Lauren; Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 4 California (PA) 14 [Neiman, Jessica] Kill by Neiman, Jessica (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- Timeout California (PA).
-- CAL subs: Elisa Rugiero.
IUP [Neiman, Jessica] Bad set by Memisoglu, Simay. 5 Indiana (PA) 14
CAL 5 California (PA) 15 [Caroline Mercer] Kill by Memisoglu, Simay (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 5 California (PA) 16 [Memisoglu, Simay] Kill by Concannon, Delaney (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 5 California (PA) 17 [Memisoglu, Simay] Kill by Valentic, Lauren.
IUP [Memisoglu, Simay] Service error. 6 Indiana (PA) 17
-- CAL subs: Elisa Rugiero.
CAL 6 California (PA) 18 [Adrianna Favata] Kill by Valentic, Lauren (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- IUP subs: Dunn, Faith.
IUP 6 California (PA) 19 [Dunn, Faith] Attack error by Anna-MariePetricevic.
IUP [Dunn, Faith] Kill by Anna-MariePetricevic (from Natalie Beer). 7 Indiana (PA) 19
CAL [Kay Lindenfelser] Kill by Courtney Smith (from Caroline Mercer). 8 Indiana (PA) 19
CAL [Kay Lindenfelser] Ball handling error by Brown, Rylee. 9 Indiana (PA) 19
CAL 9 California (PA) 20 [Kay Lindenfelser] Kill by Concannon, Delaney (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- IUP subs: Birch, Nyla.
IUP [Heidel, Olivia] Kill by Allie Droneberger (from Adrianna Favata). 10 Indiana (PA) 20
CAL 10 California (PA) 21 [Natalie Beer] Kill by Concannon, Delaney (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- IUP subs: Fandel, Sara.
IUP 10 California (PA) 22 [Fandel, Sara] Service ace (Allie Droneberger).
IUP 10 California (PA) 23 [Fandel, Sara] Attack error by Allie Droneberger.
IUP [Fandel, Sara] Kill by Sophia Johnson (from Adrianna Favata). 11 Indiana (PA) 23
CAL 11 California (PA) 24 [Morgan Johnson] Kill by Birch, Nyla (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- IUP subs: Kim, Mikalah.
IUP [Flowerdew, Bailey] Kill by Elisa Rugiero (from Caroline Mercer). 12 Indiana (PA) 24
CAL 12 California (PA) 25 [Allie Droneberger] Kill by Kim, Mikalah (from Heidel, Olivia).

Set #2 Plays

Set #2 Plays
Serve Team CAL - Play Description Visiting Team Score Scoring Team Logo Home Team Score IUP - Play Description
-- CAL subs: Elizabeth Patina; Kasie Meek.
IUP [Memisoglu, Simay] Kill by Courtney Smith (from Adrianna Favata). 1 Indiana (PA) 0
CAL 1 California (PA) 1 [Kasie Meek] Kill by Concannon, Delaney (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP [Valentic, Lauren] Attack error by Brown, Rylee. 2 Indiana (PA) 1
CAL 2 California (PA) 2 [Caroline Mercer] Kill by Brown, Rylee (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- IUP subs: Neiman, Jessica.
IUP 2 California (PA) 3 [Heidel, Olivia] Attack error by Courtney Smith (block by Concannon, Delaney; Brown, Rylee).
IUP 2 California (PA) 4 [Heidel, Olivia] Attack error by Courtney Smith (block by Concannon, Delaney; Brown, Rylee).
IUP 2 California (PA) 5 [Heidel, Olivia] Attack error by Elizabeth Patina.
-- CAL subs: Allie Droneberger; Mandy Altsman.
IUP [Heidel, Olivia] Kill by Adrianna Favata (from Mandy Altsman). 3 Indiana (PA) 5
-- CAL subs: Mandy Altsman.
CAL 3 California (PA) 6 [Mandy Altsman] Kill by Neiman, Jessica (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- CAL subs: Sarah Stephenson.
IUP [Concannon, Delaney] Service error. 4 Indiana (PA) 6
-- CAL subs: Anna-MariePetricevic; Kay Lindenfelser.
-- IUP subs: Edwards, Karli.
CAL 4 California (PA) 7 [Kay Lindenfelser] Kill by Memisoglu, Simay (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP [Flowerdew, Bailey] Attack error by Neiman, Jessica. 5 Indiana (PA) 7
CAL 5 California (PA) 8 [Natalie Beer] Kill by Memisoglu, Simay (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 5 California (PA) 9 [Neiman, Jessica] Kill by Memisoglu, Simay (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 5 California (PA) 10 [Neiman, Jessica] Kill by Heidel, Olivia (from Neiman, Jessica).
-- Timeout California (PA).
IUP 5 California (PA) 11 [Neiman, Jessica] Service ace (Anna-MariePetricevic).
IUP 5 California (PA) 12 [Neiman, Jessica] Attack error by Anna-MariePetricevic.
IUP 5 California (PA) 13 [Neiman, Jessica] Service ace (Kay Lindenfelser).
-- CAL subs: Lexi Muck.
IUP [Neiman, Jessica] Attack error by Memisoglu, Simay (block by Lexi Muck; Sarah Stephenson). 6 Indiana (PA) 13
-- IUP subs: Kessler, Brooke.
CAL 6 California (PA) 14 [Adrianna Favata] Kill by Valentic, Lauren (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- IUP subs: Torres, Audrey.
IUP 6 California (PA) 15 [Memisoglu, Simay] Service ace (Kay Lindenfelser).
IUP 6 California (PA) 16 [Memisoglu, Simay] Attack error by Anna-MariePetricevic (block by Heidel, Olivia; Valentic, Lauren).
IUP [Memisoglu, Simay] Service error. 7 Indiana (PA) 16
-- IUP subs: Fandel, Sara.
CAL [Kasie Meek] Kill by Courtney Smith (from Caroline Mercer). 8 Indiana (PA) 16
CAL 8 California (PA) 17 [Kasie Meek] Kill by Valentic, Lauren (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 8 California (PA) 18 [Valentic, Lauren] Attack error by Courtney Smith (block by Brown, Rylee; Torres, Audrey).
IUP 8 California (PA) 19 [Valentic, Lauren] Kill by Brown, Rylee (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP 8 California (PA) 20 [Valentic, Lauren] Kill by Torres, Audrey (from Heidel, Olivia).
IUP [Valentic, Lauren] Service error. 9 Indiana (PA) 20
CAL 9 California (PA) 21 [Caroline Mercer] Kill by Brown, Rylee (from Heidel, Olivia).
-- IUP subs: Birch, Nyla; Rauch, Ellie.
IUP 9 California (PA) 22 [Rauch, Ellie] Service ace (Allie Droneberger).
IUP [Rauch, Ellie] Service error. 10 Indiana (PA) 22
-- IUP subs: Potvin, Charlotte.
CAL 10 California (PA) 23 [Mandy Altsman] Attack error by Natalie Beer.
IUP [Torres, Audrey] Service error. 11 Indiana (PA) 23
CAL 11 California (PA) 24 [Allie Droneberger] Kill by Fandel, Sara (from Rauch, Ellie).
IUP 11 California (PA) 25 [Flowerdew, Bailey] Kill by Birch, Nyla (from Flowerdew, Bailey).

Set #3 Plays

Set #3 Plays
Serve Team CAL - Play Description Visiting Team Score Scoring Team Logo Home Team Score IUP - Play Description
CAL 0 California (PA) 1 [Adrianna Favata] Kill by Concannon, Delaney (from Rauch, Ellie).
IUP 0 California (PA) 2 [Concannon, Delaney] Service ace (Courtney Smith).
IUP 0 California (PA) 3 [Concannon, Delaney] Attack error by Sophia Johnson (block by Brown, Rylee).
IUP 0 California (PA) 4 [Concannon, Delaney] Kill by Birch, Nyla (from Rauch, Ellie).
-- Timeout California (PA).
IUP 0 California (PA) 5 [Concannon, Delaney] Attack error by Sarah Stephenson.
IUP [Concannon, Delaney] Service error. 1 Indiana (PA) 5
-- IUP subs: Edwards, Karli.
CAL 1 California (PA) 6 [Kasie Meek] Kill by Birch, Nyla (from Rauch, Ellie).
IUP 1 California (PA) 7 [Flowerdew, Bailey] Kill by Birch, Nyla (from Flowerdew, Bailey).
IUP [Flowerdew, Bailey] Service error. 2 Indiana (PA) 7
CAL 2 California (PA) 8 [Caroline Mercer] Kill by Fandel, Sara (from Rauch, Ellie).
-- IUP subs: Kessler, Brooke.
IUP [Kessler, Brooke] Service error. 3 Indiana (PA) 8
-- CAL subs: Elisa Rugiero; Mandy Altsman.
CAL 3 California (PA) 9 [Mandy Altsman] Kill by Potvin, Charlotte (from Rauch, Ellie).
IUP [Fandel, Sara] Kill by Natalie Beer (from Mandy Altsman). 4 Indiana (PA) 9
CAL [Courtney Smith] Attack error by Potvin, Charlotte. 5 Indiana (PA) 9
CAL 5 California (PA) 10 [Courtney Smith] Kill by Concannon, Delaney (from Rauch, Ellie).
IUP 5 California (PA) 11 [Potvin, Charlotte] Attack error by Kasie Meek.
IUP [Potvin, Charlotte] Attack error by Brown, Rylee (block by Natalie Beer; Elisa Rugiero). 6 Indiana (PA) 11
CAL 6 California (PA) 12 [Natalie Beer] Kill by Fandel, Sara (from Rauch, Ellie).
IUP [Rauch, Ellie] Service error. 7 Indiana (PA) 12
CAL 7 California (PA) 13 [Adrianna Favata] Kill by Birch, Nyla (from Rauch, Ellie).
IUP 7 California (PA) 14 [Concannon, Delaney] Kill by Birch, Nyla.
-- Timeout California (PA).
IUP [Concannon, Delaney] Attack error by Birch, Nyla. 8 Indiana (PA) 14
-- IUP subs: Schmidt, Kyra.
CAL 8 California (PA) 15 [Kasie Meek] Kill by Fandel, Sara (from Rauch, Ellie).
IUP 8 California (PA) 16 [Flowerdew, Bailey] Attack error by Sarah Stephenson (block by Brown, Rylee; Fandel, Sara).
-- CAL subs: Allie Droneberger.
IUP [Flowerdew, Bailey] Kill by Allie Droneberger (from Adrianna Favata). 9 Indiana (PA) 16
CAL 9 California (PA) 17 [Caroline Mercer] Kill by Birch, Nyla (from Kessler, Brooke).
IUP 9 California (PA) 18 [Kessler, Brooke] Kill by Rauch, Ellie.
IUP 9 California (PA) 19 [Kessler, Brooke] Attack error by Sarah Stephenson.
IUP [Kessler, Brooke] Kill by Allie Droneberger (from Adrianna Favata). 10 Indiana (PA) 19
CAL [Mandy Altsman] Kill by Elisa Rugiero (from Mandy Altsman). 11 Indiana (PA) 19
CAL 11 California (PA) 20 [Mandy Altsman] Kill by Fandel, Sara (from Rauch, Ellie).
-- IUP subs: Torres, Audrey.
IUP 11 California (PA) 21 [Torres, Audrey] Attack error by Elisa Rugiero.
IUP 11 California (PA) 22 [Torres, Audrey] Kill by Schmidt, Kyra (from Flowerdew, Bailey).
IUP [Torres, Audrey] Kill by Elisa Rugiero (from Natalie Beer). 12 Indiana (PA) 22
CAL [Allie Droneberger] Bad set by Potvin, Charlotte. 13 Indiana (PA) 22
CAL 13 California (PA) 23 [Allie Droneberger] Kill by Schmidt, Kyra (from Rauch, Ellie).
-- IUP subs: Kim, Mikalah; Dunn, Faith.
IUP 13 California (PA) 24 [Dunn, Faith] Kill by Schmidt, Kyra (from Rauch, Ellie).
IUP [Dunn, Faith] Service error. 14 Indiana (PA) 24
CAL 14 California (PA) 25 [Natalie Beer] Kill by Schmidt, Kyra (from Rauch, Ellie).